Ka ho fetisoa ha Molao oa Phokotso ea Litheko, o kenyelletsang liranta tse limilione tse likete tse 370 mananeong a boemo ba leholimo le matla, litsebi tsa maano li bolela esale pele ka keketseho e tsotehang tlhahisong ea matla a hloekileng. Moea o tsoang lebōpong ke mohloli o tšepahalang oa khōlo.
Kajeno, ho na le lipolasi tse peli feela tse sebetsang tsa moea tse tsoang lebōpong la leoatle United States haufi le Rhode Island le Virginia, tse nang le matla a kopantsoeng a 42 megawatts. Ha ho bapisoa, Setsi se secha sa Traverse Wind se Oklahoma se na le li-turbine tse 356 le li-megawatt tse 998 tsa matla a ho fehla. Empa ho ntse ho na le merero e mengata e nts'etsopele, haholo-holo lebopong la Atlantic.
Tsamaiso ea Biden e hloaile libaka tse peli tsa nts'etsopele ea moea o lebopong la leoatle Koung ea Mexico tse seng li hlalositsoe hantle bakeng sa tlhahiso ea oli le khase. E le karolo ea leano la hae la boemo ba leholimo, Mopresidente Joe Biden o ipehetse pakane ea ho sebelisa li-gigawatts tse 30 (30,000 megawatts) ea matla a moea a tsoang lebōpong la leoatle ka 2030 - e lekaneng ho matlafatsa malapa a limilione tse 10 ka motlakase o se nang carbon.
Joalo ka bafuputsi ba matla ba Texas, re bona sena e le mohato o mocha o thabisang phetohong e tsoelang pele ea naha ea rona ho ea ho matla a hloekileng. Re lumela hore matla a fehloang a lebopong la leoatle Koung ea Mexico a emela monyetla o ikhethang bakeng sa sebaka sena sa tikoloho se nang le basebetsi ba matla le meralo ea motheo ea matla ho thusa ho fihlela tlhoko ea sechaba ea matla a khabone e tšepahalang.
Bokhoni bo kentsoeng ka 2021 ka megawatts. (Setšoantšo: The Conversation/CC-BY-ND, mohloli: Global Wind Energy Council)
Ke hobane'ng ha u ea lebōpong la leoatle? Motlakase oa moea o tsoang lebopong o holile haholo Amerika lilemong tse 15 tse fetileng, ho kenyeletsoa Texas, naha e kholo ka ho fetisisa naheng e hlahisang matla a moea. Bonolo bo lekanyelitsoeng ba ho lumella le ho fumana sebaka sa motlakase oa moea, litšenyehelo tse fihlellehang tsa ho kenya, bongata ba lisebelisoa, mafura a mahala, le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa ts'ebetso li fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa motlakase ho bareki. Matla a moea a qoba tšilafalo e kholo ea moea, ho ntšoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše le ho ntšoa ha metsi a pholileng a amanang le lifeme tsa motlakase tse sebelisang mashala, oli kapa khase ea tlhaho.
Empa moea oa leoatle le oona o na le mathata. Hangata moea o fokola haholo nakong ea lehlabula ha ho chesa haholo ha li- air conditioner li sebetsa ka thata ho etsa hore batho ba phole. Libaka tse ngata tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa matla a moea li hole le litsi tsa tlhokeho ea motlakase. Mohlala, boholo ba mapolasi a moea seterekeng sa Lone Star a sebakeng se phahameng sa Texas bophirima mme a hahiloe ka mor'a hore mmuso o sebelise libilione ho haha lithapo tsa phetiso ea libaka tse telele ho fumana matla moo a hlokahalang.
Mapolasi a mangata a matle ka ho fetesisa a lebopong la Amerika (libaka tse bolou bo lefifi) a hole le metse e lebopong la leoatle, empa litoropo tsena li ka sebeletsoa ke mapolasi a moea a lebopong la leoatle. (Mohloli: NREL)
Matla a letsatsi le libeteri li ka rarolla a mang a mathata ana. Empa ho fehla matla a kantle ho naha le hona ho na le melemo e mengata.
Joalo ka ha moea oa lebopong o fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa matla ho bareki, moea o tsoang lebopong o lebelletsoe ho etsa se tšoanang.
Ka palo e fetang halofo ea baahi ba US ba lulang sebakeng sa lik'hilomithara tse 50 lebōpong la leoatle, mapolasi a moea a lebōpong la leoatle a haufi le litsi tsa tlhokahalo ea motlakase. Sena ke 'nete haholo-holo Koung ea Mexico, moo metse e meholo e kang Houston le New Orleans e leng teng, hammoho le limela le likou tse ngata tsa petrochemical. Ho e-na le ho kenya lithapo tse ka holimo-limo tsa lik’hilomithara tse makholo le likhohlano tse hlahisoang ke tokelo ea tsela le tšebeliso ea mobu, lik’hamphani tse fehlang motlakase li ka sebelisa likhoele tse tsamaeang ka tlas’a metsi ho tlisa matla a moea litsing tsa indasteri.
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore moea oa leoatle o tlatsana le moea oa naha. Letsatsing le chesang la lehlabula, lebelo la moea ka bophirimela ho Texas le ile la fokotseha 'me meea e tsoang lebōpong la leoatle e ile ea phahama butle-butle, e thusa ho finyella tlhokahalo e phahameng ea lehlabula le ho ntlafatsa botšepehi ba marang-rang.
Mmaraka oa lefats'e oa matla a moea a tsoang kantle ho naha o se o le matla, empa ho fihlela joale US e ne e le sieo. Bongata ba naha mona bo khothalelitse kholo ea matla a moea a lebopong, empa bo fokolitse tšubuhlellano ea batho ka metsing.
Sena se ntse se fetoha kaha melaoana e matla ea ho thibela lintho libakeng tse kholo tsa moea joalo ka Iowa e fokotsa sebaka seo li-turbine li ka behoang ho sona, ho eketsa litšenyehelo tsa kaho le ho fokotsa ho fumaneha ha libaka tse amohelehang. Mathata a matla a marang-rang a marang-rang a Amerika a boetse a etsa hore ho be thata ho tlisa matla a moea 'marakeng.
Rea u amohela Koung, kaofela le ananela mekhoa ena, 'me hammoho le ts'ehetso e eketsehileng ea matla a moea a tsoang lebōpong la leoatle Molaong oa Tlelaemete, ho bonahala eka matla a moea a tsoang lebōpong la US a se a loketse lilemo tsa khauta. Re bona Kou ea Mexico e le sebaka se khahlang haholo sa ho etsa khoebo.
Botebo bo sa tebang ba kou, lithempereichara tse phahameng le maqhubu a khutsitseng li laoleha ha li bapisoa le maemo a batang le a thata a Leoatle le ka Leboea, North Atlantic le lebopo la Japane, moo matla a moea a tsoang lebōpong la leoatle a seng a qalile. Botebo ba metsi bo fihlang maotong a 160 - hajoale botebo bo boholo ba li-turbine tsa moea tse sa fetoheng - bo atoloha hoo e ka bang lik'hilomithara tse 90 lebopong le ka boroa-bochabela ho Texas le lebopong le ka boroa la Louisiana, le Nantucket le Martha's Vineyard ka leboea-bochabela feela lik'hilomithara tse 40.
Sebaka sa ka tlas'a metsi sa kou se tšoauoa ka matsoapo a matlenyana ho feta libaka tse seng li ntse li nahanoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele haufi le lebopo la Virginia. Sena se bolela hore li-turbine tsa moea tse sa fetoheng li ka sebelisoa libakeng tse ngata ho feta litsamaiso tse phaphametseng, ho fokotsa ho rarahana.
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore Gulf Coast e na le indasteri e matla ea lebōpong la leoatle e sebeletsang bahlahisi ba oli le khase le lik'hamphani tse ngata tse khethehileng tse fanang ka litšebeletso tse kang ho tjheseletsa ka tlas'a metsi, ho etsa sethala, le li-helicopter le litšebeletso tsa likepe ho tsamaisa batho le lisebelisoa ho ea leoatleng. Ka 2019, tlhahiso ea oli le khase Koung ea Mexico e fane ka mesebetsi e ka bang 345,000.
Mapolasi a moea a Koung ea Persia a ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tse teng. Ho na le lithapo tsa likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi tse ka bang lik'hilomithara tse 1,200 tse ka fetisetsang matla a moea lebōpong. Matla a moea a ka boela a kenngoa tsamaisong e kholo ea matla e kenyelletsang tlhahiso le polokelo ea haedrojene e tala, hammoho le ho tšoara carbon.
Ho Tšehetsa Basebetsi le Batho ba Kotsing Re boetse re lumela hore matla a moea a tsoang lebōpong la leoatle a ka thusa ho finyella lipakane tsa toka ea tikoloho. Ho hlahiswa ha motlakase o hlwekileng le o senang carbon ho tla thusa ho nkela difeme tse hlwekisang le difeme tse sebetsang le ho fehla motlakase ho tswa ditukising. Mehaho ena e bakile tšenyo e mpe bophelong ba litoropo tse kang Houston le lichaba tsa mebala United States.
Ntlafatso ea matla a moea Koung ea Koung e boetse e fana ka monyetla bakeng sa phetoho e bonolo ea basebetsi kaha United States butle-butle e fokotsa ho itšetleha ha eona ho mafura a mafura. Louisiana e se e qalile ho theha melaoana ea moea o tsoang lebopong la leoatle metsing a naha mme e batla lichelete tsa mmuso ho Arkansas le Oklahoma ho theha setsi sa hydrogen se hloekileng sa tikoloho.
Green e bolela hore tumello ea projeke ea matla ea mmuso e lieha haholo, 'me merero ea moea metsing a mmuso e ka nka lilemo ho phethoa. Empa merero e metsing a naha - ho fihla lik'hilomithara tse 3 ho tloha lebōpong libakeng tse ngata le lik'hilomithara tse 9 ho tloha lebōpong la Texas - e ka phethoa ka potlako haholo.
Ho hongata ho ipapisitse le hore na linaha tse matla joalo ka Texas le Louisiana li bona monyetla oa ho holisa botumo ba tsona e le baetapele ba matla ho matla a moea a kantle ho naha. Joalokaha re se re bone, matla a matla a matla a moea a tsoang lebōpong la Persia Koung ea Persia a tla ba molemo bakeng sa sebaka seo, naha le boemo ba leholimo ba lefatše.
Sengoli Michael E. Webber ke moprofesa oa matla Univesithing ea Texas e Austin, ea inehetseng bakeng sa lilemo tse lekholo tsa Josie.
Hugh Daigle ke Motlatsi oa Moprofesa oa Petroleum le Geosystems Engineering Univesithing ea Texas e Austin.
Nako ea poso: Aug-20-2022
